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- <text id=90TT0711>
- <title>
- Mar. 19, 1990: Interview:Jens Reich
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- Mar. 19, 1990 The Right To Die
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- INTERVIEW, Page 12
- From Submission To Revolution
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>Molecular biologist JENS REICH helped found New Forum, the
- movement that hastened communism's collapse in East Germany.
- With unification imminent, he is worried that the East will be
- overwhelmed by the West
- </p>
- <p>By Carl Bernstein, Frederick Ungeheuer and Jens Reich
- </p>
- <p> Q. Did you ever consider going to West Germany before the
- Wall went up?
- </p>
- <p> A. We regretted many times afterward that we did not do it.
- I would like to have done something in Big Science abroad. I
- even applied via relatives to study in the U.S. But it never
- materialized. There was also pressure from my parents. My
- father always said Mother would not survive it.
- </p>
- <p> Q. What were your early political views?
- </p>
- <p> A. By the 1950s I had already read Arthur Koestler's
- Darkness at Noon. Also historical accounts about Hitler; why
- he was never overthrown. I must say I was always against the
- system. We called it "contra" then. My parents were as well.
- My father is a bit red. But my mother made sure we were
- instructed as Catholics. There was always internal resistance.
- We thought the system could not last long, that we had to
- accept it as a result of the war, of Hitler's despotism and the
- cruelty of that regime. Yet we were always afraid of being
- denounced. My mother was always anxious, telling us, "Don't say
- anything political," when we went to school.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Why did you become a scientist?
- </p>
- <p> A. It was camouflage. I would have preferred to pursue
- liberal arts, but they were pervaded by the ideology. You were
- forced to profess Marxism-Leninism. That was impossible. My
- father, who is a doctor, said, "Go into science or medicine.
- This is where you can survive as a person."
- </p>
- <p> Q. How did you become involved with New Forum?
- </p>
- <p> A. For years we had dissidents, just like in Poland and
- Russia. Then, in the early '80s we began to live. There were
- individualistic and bohemian groups of all stripes: hippies,
- Maoists, anarchists, human rights groups, lesbians, gays. It
- was a very colorful mix. And somewhat deterring. My wife Eva
- and I felt like white crows in that crowd. Though they were all
- very friendly to us, they even attacked the church, which gave
- them shelter. There were a lot of fights, informers,
- subversion. They could not possibly become a real political
- force. What they did was very brave, but it couldn't work. We
- had to reach out to a more respectable, middle-aged generation,
- come out of this social ghetto, out of the church, out of
- Berlin and out of highbrow theories. We had to appeal to
- engineers, doctors, nurses, teachers and bricklayers.
- </p>
- <p> Finally, 30 of us came together on Sept. 9 near Berlin. I
- knew only a third of them. We worked out our manifesto. Our
- meeting coincided with the exodus through Hungary and the
- mounting demonstrations in Leipzig. It became a grass-roots
- movement. People were copying the manifesto everywhere. The
- regime could not have been overthrown by a party, only by this
- kind of popular uprising.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Goethe said life was a metaphor. What is the metaphor for
- your life during the past 40 years?
- </p>
- <p> A. Living in a snail's shell, being able to hide and defend
- what you considered worth living for: culture, tradition,
- family, Germany in a way. We were defending German soil. Had
- we left, there would have been a desert. A snail, sitting in
- its cozy shell, making itself as comfortable as possible,
- occasionally putting out its antennae to find out what life is
- like. But in our shells we always had time for others. People
- in our circle of friends became a little like Slavs, who in
- their long winters seem to have plenty of time to play chess,
- chat or discuss their religion. I hope these habits do not
- wane.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Are you afraid they will with unification?
- </p>
- <p> A. I am by no means afraid of unification, but I am afraid
- that we will lose something precious, that we'll be naked. We
- must put up some defensive barriers.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Another Wall?
- </p>
- <p> A. Not a wall. We should come out of our snail shells. Also,
- a lot of people are demoralized. They have overthrown the old
- system, but they see only ruins all around. Instead of rolling
- up their sleeves, they are waiting for help. They feel
- inferior. East Germans have been in an ambivalent situation for
- a long time. On the one hand, they were proud of having the
- best socialism compared with all those "untidy" Russians and
- Poles. They felt like students at the top of their class. They
- felt contempt for the rest of Eastern Europe. This was coupled
- with feelings of humility toward West Germany, where everything
- was so much better.
- </p>
- <p> It was the same under the Nazis. Germans were the emperors
- of Europe then, but still suffering from a complex of being
- powerless victims, having to follow orders. Many of us always
- wavered between arrogance and submission. After the war, for
- instance, it was dreadful to see how eager some people were to
- endear themselves to the Americans. It will take a form of
- national psychotherapy to bring this into equilibrium.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Isn't there also an old German penchant to see yourselves
- as victims, excusing what you did because you were only
- following orders?
- </p>
- <p> A. We are not only victims. Communist oppression was much
- more subtle than it was under the Nazis. We made our peace with
- this dreadful system. I was always ashamed that we were so
- quiescent.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Are you afraid of being dominated by West Germans?
- </p>
- <p> A. There is a fear. But it can't be relieved by complaining.
- We can help shape what our life should be. West Germans will
- have to accept what we want.
- </p>
- <p> Q. But won't a united Germany be dominated by Western
- politics and money?
- </p>
- <p> A. I am skeptical about a lopsided monetary union. It will
- expose our weakness and lead to grave social consequences. It
- would be like a ship with its cargo shifted to one side, out
- of balance and not able to float properly. West Germany seems
- to be offering a lot, but it says we must take their system
- along with it. I am not willing to put myself at the mercy of
- West Germany so readily. As to our political future, I see a
- collection, a federation of autonomous Lander [states], each
- of which has its own historical identity--related to one
- another like members of a family, and eventually neutral and
- unarmed. A centralized German state has always produced
- tendencies to suppress cultural diversity.
- </p>
- <p> Q. Now it appears that New Forum is being swept aside. What
- about the participation of the West German political parties
- in East Germany?
- </p>
- <p> A. Well, they are conducting their electoral campaign in our
- country. Last December they still assured us that we would be
- able to develop our own democracy. But you can't do anything
- against a dam breaking. The water spills over you. In our first
- elections, we of the New Forum have been put at a disadvantage.
- It's obvious. Those with ties to West German parties have the
- logistics, whatever is needed to run a campaign. We have only
- private sympathizers. Nor can I bring myself to look into the
- television camera and say the same short sentence 20 times over
- to make a spot out of it. You feel like a chimpanzee.
- </p>
- <p> Q. But you are standing as a candidate?
- </p>
- <p> A. I'm afraid so.
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
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